1.yum简介
Yum(全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified)是一个在Fedora和RedHat以及SUSE、CentOS中的Shell前端软件包管理器。基於RPM包管理,能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包,无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。yum的宗旨是自动化地升级,安装/移除rpm包,收集rpm包的相 关信息,检查依赖性并自动提示用户解决。yum的关键之处是要有可靠的repository,顾名思义,这是软件的仓库,它可以是http或ftp站点, 也可以是本地软件池,但必须包含rpm的header,header包括了rpm包的各种信息,包括描述,功能,提供的文件,依赖性等.正是收集了这些 header并加以分析,才能自动化地完成余下的任务。
2. yum特点 1)可以同时配置多个资源库(Repository)。
2)简洁的配置文件(/etc/yum.conf)。 3)自动解决增加或删除rpm包时遇到的倚赖性问题。 4)使用方便。 5)保持与RPM数据库的一致性。3.yum服务器的配置
yum服务器的配置一般分为两种:一是在网络的某一台主机上配置yum服务器,二是配置本地yum。
首先介绍一下网络yum服务器的配置。
1)搭建ftp服务器用来存放各种软件包。
[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/cdrom/Server/ //切换到光盘目录
[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm // 安装ftp服务
Preparing... ########################################### [100%] package vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386 is already installed[root@localhost Server]# service vsftpd start //开启ftp服务器
[root@localhost ftp]# cd /var/ftp/pub
[root@localhost pub]# cp -r /mnt/cdrom/. ./ // 把光盘内容复制到pub目录下
2)配置客户端
[root@station120 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ //yum配置文件
[root@station120 yum.repos.d]# ll total 8 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 254 Aug 4 2009 rhel-debuginfo.repo[root@station120 yum.repos.d]# vim rhel-debuginfo.repo
[rhel-server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux server //文件仓库的描述 baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/Server //对应ftp的文件仓库 enabled=1 //启用该文件仓库 gpgcheck=1 //签名检测 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release //数字证书位置[rhel-vt]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux vt baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/VT enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [rhel-cluster] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux cluster baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/Cluster enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release [rhel-clusterstorage] name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux clusterstorage baseurl=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/ClusterStorage enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=ftp://192.168.1.10/pub/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-releaseyum客户端配置完毕!在客户端查看有哪些文件仓库
[root@station120 yum.repos.d]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. rhel-cluster | 1.3 kB 00:00 rhel-cluster/primary | 6.5 kB 00:00 rhel-cluster 32/32 rhel-clusterstorage | 1.3 kB 00:00 rhel-clusterstorage/primary | 8.8 kB 00:00 rhel-clusterstorage 39/39 rhel-server | 1.3 kB 00:00 rhel-server/primary | 732 kB 00:00 rhel-server 2292/2292 rhel-vt | 1.3 kB 00:00列出所有软件包
[root@station120 yum.repos.d]# yum list
安装软件包
[root@station120 yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.i386 0:2.2.3-31.el5 set to be updated rhel-cluster/filelists | 110 kB 00:00 rhel-clusterstorage/filelists | 11 kB 00:00 rhel-server/filelists | 2.3 MB 00:00 rhel-vt/filelists | 26 kB 00:00 --> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved
=====================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size查看已安装的软件包
[root@station120 ~]# yum list installed |grep httpd
This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. httpd.i386 2.2.3-31.el5 installedyum可以一次安装多个软件包
[root@station120 ~]# yum install vsftpd telnet-server
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package telnet-server.i386 1:0.17-39.el5 set to be updated ---> Package vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-16.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolutionyum的本地配置
1)编辑配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# vim rhel-debuginfo.repo
配置内容如下
[rhel-server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux server baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom/Server //文件仓库为 /mnt/cdrom/Server enabled=1 //启用该仓库 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release在本地安装ftp服务器
[root@localhost Server]# yum install vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm
Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security This system is not registered with RHN. RHN support will be disabled. Setting up Install Process Examining vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm: vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386 Marking vsftpd-2.0.5-16.el5.i386.rpm to be installed Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package vsftpd.i386 0:2.0.5-16.el5 set to be updated --> Finished Dependency Resolution4.yum命令小结
yum list all //列出所有软件包
yum install +文件名 //安装某一种软件
yum info +包名字 // 查看软件包信息
yum list available //查看未安装的软件包
yum list installed //擦看已安装的软件包
yum clean all // 清空信息缓存
yum remove +包名字 //移除软件包
yum groupinstall //安装软件组
yum grouplist // 列出文件组
yum grouplremove +组名 //移除软件组
yum localinstall +包名字 --nogpgcheck //利用网络yum服务器安装本地软件包